Estado, violência e violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes : debate contemporâneo e perspectivas conceituais

Abstract

The present dissertation arose from a concern about the problematic sexual violence against children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence. Sexual violence is a serious and complex problem that affects millions of children and adolescents worldwide. In Brazil, the numbers are high, without forgetting the underreporting of cases. The damage of this violence can generate, in the short and long term, serious damage to the psychological and emotional health of the victimized person. Given the above, the general objective is: to analyze the actions of the State regarding the fight against sexual violence against children and adolescents, from conceptual perspectives on violence and the State. And to achieve the proposed objective, we developed the following specific objectives: 1) Discuss the concepts of violence and sexual violence from the Marxist historical perspective; 2) Understand what the state is, the rule of law and sexual violence as an expression of the social issue; 3) Discuss the National Plan to combat sexual violence against children and adolescents, and the budget allocated to combating it. This is a bibliographical and documental research, and its method of analysis is dialectical-Marxist historical materialism, recognizing that it apprehends the social reality in its entirety, and that it critically understands the contradictions, the constant social transformations and the historical determinants in every investigated reality. In the final considerations, important notes were made for reflection on what was discussed in the research, such as: it continues to be challenging to analyze concepts about violence, sexual violence and what the State is about; historically, sexual violence is based on several historical determinants, and therefore cannot be analyzed in isolation from social, economic, cultural, political, scientific, and other issues; the Brazilian State has a vast legislation in the face of sexual violence, however, it has several problems regarding its implementation, effectiveness and efficiency due to the precariousness of the public budget destined to its confrontation. Thus producing a discussion and reflection questions about sexual violence against children and adolescents in the contemporary scenario.