Sexualidade humana nos livros didáticos de ciências da natureza e suas tecnologias (Novo Ensino Médio) das coleções didáticas aprovados pela PNLD 2021

Abstract

The Textbook (TB) is one of the main resources used by teachers and students in the classroom, essential for "Natural Sciences and their technologies" (Chemistry, Biology, and Physics). However, it has its limitations, requiring critical reflections on its approach to content proposed by the school curriculum. Within these numerous necessary themes, human sexuality is crucial for the development of sexual and emotional identity, thus necessitating a critical and reflective perspective. This research aims to critically analyze concepts, themes, supplementary texts, figures, among others, on human sexuality in the didactic collections approved by PNLD 2021. It is a qualitative study using elements of content analysis and bibliographic research. 42 TBs were analyzed, including 7 collections of 6 books each from various authors and recognized publishers in Brazil, published in 2020. The analysis followed criteria approved by the National Textbook Program - PNLD 2021. The results revealed that themes related to puberty and adolescence focus solely on biology and reproduction, neglecting emotional, social, and affective aspects. Regarding human sexuality, few books comprehensively cover the content in student textbooks, mostly presenting it in the teacher's manual as encouragement for non-violent practices and respect for diversity. The few collections that addressed it showed conceptual errors and presented the topic in a limited and simplistic manner (except for Godoy et al.). Regarding socioemotional issues, all collections include some content related to the theme, but it is predominantly focused on mental health and respect for affective/sexual diversity. When it comes to the topic of gender and sex in the perspective of human sexuality, there is an approach to the issue of gender roles imposed on boys and girls, mainly in fostering empathy and respect. One collection does not even address the reproductive/genital system, focusing on subjects such as pregnancy and childbirth, describing the reproductive/genital system only in the teacher's direction. Thus, it is possible to affirm the difficulty in addressing aspects of human sexual dimension, and the textbook cannot fulfill its role in this theme as the sole resource used by teachers in the classroom.