TUTELA ESTATAL DE JOVENS EGRESSOS DE SERVIÇOS DE ACOLHIMENTO

Abstract

The present study aimed to discuss the state guardianship regarding young individuals who are discharged from care services upon reaching the age of 18. Initially, an understanding was sought regarding how care services are divided, whether they are familial or institutional (with the latter further subdivided into shelter, foster home, or youth housing). It was noted that upon reaching adulthood, young individuals need to leave the care services where they lived, facing a series of difficulties primarily due to lack of autonomy, either from not having developed basic household skills to manage their own homes independently or from lacking means of subsistence. After turning 18, young individuals can also be transferred to youth housing, which is still scarce in Brazil, where they can stay until age 21. In the second chapter, an investigation was conducted to determine if there is a legal framework that protects these young individuals after reaching adulthood. In this context, the Ibero-American Convention on the Rights of Youth (CIJ) was identified at the international level, as well as Constitutional Amendment No. 65/2010 and the Youth Statute at the national level. Although these legislations outline a range of rights and guarantees for young individuals, this study highlighted those most closely linked to achieving autonomy, such as education, professionalization, work, housing, and income. In the third chapter, efforts were made to discuss whether there are public policies formulated by federative entities to enforce these rights and guarantees for young individuals as outlined in the law. Accordingly, some initiatives at the federal, state, and municipal levels were analyzed, based on research by Barros (2023). Ultimately, it was concluded that despite the existence of some programs and public policies that can assist these young individuals, there is still no coordinated national action, highlighting the need for greater coordination among federative entities in formulating a national policy that addresses the needs of young individuals leaving care services in all necessary areas, ensuring their access to rights such as education, professionalization, housing, and income, in order to develop autonomy and build a dignified life plan with growth opportunitie.