Caracterização de sementes de girassol em diferentes configurações de plantio

Abstract

Sunflower is a crop of great agronomic importance, the oil extracted from its achenes has a great economic value due to its nutritional characteristics, it can also be used in poultry feed and silage. The different spatial arrangements that plants are subjected to can affect the quality of their seeds. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the biometrics and physiological quality of seeds of two sunflower varieties (Catissol 01 and Multissol) subjected to three different spatial arrangements. The experiment was carried out from March to April 2024 at Laboratório de Grandes Culturas e Plantas Daninhas – LAGRAPLAN and at Laboratório de Sementes, both belonging to Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciências Ambientais, at Centro de Ciências Agrárias of Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia. The trial design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (two varieties and three spacings) with four replications, totaling 24 plots. For biometric analysis, measurements of the length, width and thickness of the seeds were made using a digital caliper. To analyze the physiological quality of the seeds, plastic trays (45 x 30 x 7 cm) were used and filled with the autoclaved substrate (washed sand). For each treatment, a tray was used and divided into 4 replications with 25 seeds each. The seedlings were watered and counted for 10 days and the variables analyzed were first count, emergence speed index and emergence percentage. The results found a significant effect on the treatments for the length and width of the achenes, first count test, emergence speed index and emergence percentage. It can be concluded that despite the higher average values in biometric evaluations obtained by the Catissol 01 variety, in relation to physiological quality, the Multissol variety proved to be more vigorous. Furthermore, the different spacings studied did not influence the biometrics of the sunflower seeds, unlike physiological quality, where Multissol stood out, being more vigorous at spacings of 0.50m and 0.90m.