Recursos hídricos locais e fatores biofísicos envolvidos na APA do Cariri/PB

Abstract

The research was developed in the Cariri Environmental Preservation Area, located in the rural areas of the cities of Cabaceiras, Boa Vista and São João do Cariri, in the Cariri region of Paraíba, where the dry climate, water privation and the pronounced seasonality in the distribution of rains are present as a part of the structure of existing environments, making this region considered the driest in the whole country. In order to identify how the biophysical factors influence the availability of water in this area, the research was based on the use of remote sensing for the application of spectral indices as methodological instruments. Based on data from the Sentinel-2 and ALOS satellites, technical procedures were used in GIS software and thematic maps were generated for the years 2016 to 2020, which represent the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), the Leaf Area Index (LAI), soil temperature, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and Declivity, so that, with the intersection of these data, it is possible to analyze the moisture potential for each pixel in the entire study area. To avoid the occurrence of misinterpretations of the result, the final data were validated statistically, in an R environment and through field activities, with the application of the methodology adapted from Cavalcanti (2014), which proved to be fundamental to identify how much the data produced were representative of reality. A general result is the application of the methodology allowed to identify and analyze where the confluence of the topography with the vegetation, the soils and the atmosphere in a systemic approach, generated micro-conditions of humidity, which remained stable for the entire period of time studied.