Metodologias ativas, ensino por investigação e sistemas sanguíneos como instrumentos facilitadores do estudo de genética

Abstract

Contents linked to Genetics are generally not well understood by high school students and the lack of connection between these contents and their reality ends up creating obstacles for the teaching-learning process. Blood Systems are sets of one or more antigens capable of promoting the production of specific antibodies and which are related to various biological events. This work seeks to create strategies that facilitate the teaching and learning process of genetics through the use of active methodology, teaching through investigation and the association of genetic concepts with blood systems (ABO and Rh). In order to produce meaningful learning, a didactic sequence was constructed with playful and investigative activities that bring genetic content closer to situations present in everyday student life. Next, we discuss the constitution and structuring of the DNA molecule, the role of the genome and epigenome in gene expression, we contextualize the study of genetic concepts based on the presentation of blood systems and we discuss the biological reasons for the need for compatibility between donors. and recipient for the success of transplants. To this end, a qualitative-quantitative research was carried out, of an interventional nature with an action research procedure. All activities were applied to students in the 3rd year of high school at EEEFM Gentil Lins located in the municipality of Sapé/PB. The results obtained demonstrated that students behave in a more participatory way when active methodologies and contextualization of the content studied are used in situations present in their daily lives or biological facts that involve collective well-being. It was also possible to prove that meaningful learning occurs more efficiently when new content is presented using knowledge already acquired. As a product of the research, a teaching guide was produced aimed at high school teachers with the aim of facilitating the delivery of these contents and optimizing their learning.