Efeito antimicrobiano do cinamaldeído a 1% em modelos de biofilmes polimicrobianos originados a partir da saliva de indivíduos saudáveis e com gengivite sobre superfícies de titânio

Abstract

Cinnamaldehyde is a phytoconstituent derived from cinnamon and has antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of 1% cinnamaldehyde in polymicrobial biofilm models, obtained from the saliva of healthy and gingivitis-affected individuals, measured on infection surfaces. It was a laboratory study, in which salivary samples from 12 individuals, 6 of them with healthy oral conditions and 6 with a diagnosis of gingivitis, were collected through stimulation with paraffin film for 5 minutes. A part of the saliva sample was filtered and reserved for the formation of the salivary pellicle and the other part – unfiltered saliva – was destined to the models of microcosm biofilms. For this purpose, lever discs (n=8/group), measuring 1.3 x 1.3 x 0.2cm, were selected (Surface area roughness > 0.20 µm < 1 µm) and sterilized. Biofilm models originated from the saliva of healthy (HB) and gingivitis (GB) individuals simulated a transition from peri-implant mucositis conditions. Membrane specimens were tolerated for salivary pellicle formation for 60 minutes at 37°C. Then, the model was performed in aerobic conditions for 72 hours, in BHI medium with 1% sucrose. Subsequently, the exposures were exposed to the evaluated substances: Chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX - therapeutic control), Saline Solution (SS - negative control) and Cinnamaldehyde 1% (CIN - experimental group). These exposures were performed for 1 minute every 24 hours, for 3 consecutive days. After the last exposure, the biofilms were cultured for an additional 24 hours, totaling 7 days of culture. Biofilms were evaluated for cell viability, cell metabolism and production of soluble (PecS) and insoluble (PecI) extracellular polysaccharides. Variables were statistically evaluated using Tukey complemented ANOVA or Mann-Whitney-complemented Kruskal Wallis (α=5%). The pathogenic results that in the quantification of viable microorganisms, with the exception of the ASD medium (p>0.05), all the media of the HB biofilm model influenced statistics, with the lowest averages developed among the substances highlighted below: BHI (CIN 10 .28±0.50), MSA (CIN 10.28±0.45 and CHX 10.69±0.13), ASM (CIN 2.54±4.34 and CHX 4.69±5.14). Statistics for cell viability between assessments on GB biofilm (p>0.05) were not verified. For the MTT assay, no statistical difference was found between any of the substances tested in the HB and GB biofilm models (p>0.05). A statistical difference was verified for the PecS of the HB group, in which declaration of minors for CIN (8.94± 10.80) and CHX (30.55± 21.99), respectively, and also for the PecI of the group GB , not which the lowest concentration was observed for NIC (-7.08±8.73). The antimicrobial efficacy of 1% cinnamaldehyde varies according to the type of polymicrobial biofilm involved.