Relação entre os níveis séricos de vitamina d e a sobrevida de pacientes com covid-19:uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a virus responsible for the coronavirus-2019 disease and has high transmissibility and lethality. The virus was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The clinical picture ranges from milder symptoms such as shortness of breath, dry cough and high fever, to more severe and lethal symptoms that cause death, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As vitamin D plays an important role in the body's immune and inflammatory regulation, it is important to study the relationship between vitamin D and its mechanism of action against COVID-19. The aim of the study was to understand the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the impact on the clinical condition of patients affected by COVID-19. The method used in this study was an integrative review, which aims to construct a broad analysis of the literature. The PubMed, Medline and Scielo databases were used to select the studies to be analyzed. The inclusion criteria were studies published in the last 5 years (2019-2023), in English and Portuguese, as well as publications available free of charge and online. The following descriptors (DeCs) were used: "COVID-19", "Vitamin D", "Immunity". The final sample consisted of 14 articles that were grouped by similarity and delimited into the following categories: (1) Relationship between serum vitamin D levels and severity and mortality in cases of COVID-19; (2) Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 infection; (3) Therapeutic role of vitamin D in cases of coronavirus disease 2019. The studies found indicate that vitamin D deficiency is related to the progression of severe COVID-19 symptoms. And the use of single-dose supplementation has a protective factor against the severity of the disease. In addition to actions related to the regulation of cellular immunity, from the expression of immune cells that reduce inflammation and, consequently, the viral spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, further studies are needed to provide more concrete evidence on the possible prophylactic or therapeutic intervention of vitamin D. In addition to the standard recommendation for supplementation in relation to severe clinical conditions related to COVID-19.