Impacto do acompanhamento nutricional no desfecho da perda de peso e alterações metabólicas em mulheres pós-cirurgia bariátrica do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley

Abstract

Obesity, observed by the excessive accumulation of body fat, is a multifactorial disease portrayed as a public health problem by the World Health Organization, being a risk factor for the emergence and/or worsening of comorbidities. When conventional treatments such as diet and physical activity, in most cases, do not achieve the desired results in patients affected by grade III obesity, they end up being recommended for bariatric surgery, which stands out as the most effective treatment for these cases. Nutritional monitoring in patients undergoing this surgical procedure is extremely important so that, together with the process of dietary re- education and changes in lifestyle habits, long-term weight loss is achieved. This present study evaluated the impact of nutritional monitoring on the stage of weight loss and metabolic changes in women undergoing bariatric surgery in a university hospital. This is a longitudinal cohort study, in which women who attended the bariatric and metabolic surgery outpatient clinic and underwent surgery from 2019 to 2020 at the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital in the city of João Pessoa – Paraíba were selected. The total sample number was 35 patients, defined by convenience. Data collection was carried out with patients recruited from the endocrinology service of the bariatric and metabolic surgery outpatient clinic, in which anthropometric, metabolic data, body composition and information about the frequency of nutritional monitoring available in the outpatient clinic were collected. Regarding the impact of nutritional monitoring, there were no significant differences regarding weight loss based on the average BMI values between the groups, however, better average values for neck circumference and total cholesterol were observed in patients who maintained nutritional monitoring (p<0.05). Furthermore, the most used surgical technique was gastric bypass with 74.3% of surgeries. Of the total of 35 women, 86%, 63% and 66% after three, six and twelve months of surgery, respectively, continued to attend nutritional consultations, which characterized a reduction in attendance over the months. Finally, there is a need to emphasize the importance of nutritional monitoring rather than maintaining weight loss and positive metabolic changes in the long term.