Missões de Paz da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) na República Democrática do Congo: uma análise à luz das críticas à paz liberal

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the United Nations (UN) in armed conflicts, focusing on the case study of the Civil War in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from 2010 to 2024, in light of critiques of liberal peace. This timeframe refers to the period starting from the change in direction of the MONUSCO Peacekeeping Mission and leading up to the beginning of its withdrawal from the country. The research critically examines the impact of the UN's efforts in resolving the conflict in the DRC, with special attention to the limitations faced by the organization and the complexity of challenges in a prolonged armed conflict. To achieve this, a qualitative methodology was adopted, based on the document analysis of UN reports and resolutions, books, articles, and academic studies. The research considers the country's historical context and the principles guiding UN peacekeeping operations. The theoretical framework is grounded in Peace Studies and Critical Approaches to Liberal Peace. The study seeks to answer the research question: "Did the UN peace mission in the DRC from 2010 to 2024 efficiently fulfill its objectives?" Efficiency, in this case, is measured by the UN's ability to mitigate violence, promote political stability, and contribute to the construction of lasting peace. The conclusion is that, despite some localized progress, the mission faced structural and contextual challenges that hindered the achievement of its long-term goals.