Educação básica para o enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher: possibilidades para o ensino de ciências e biologia

Abstract

School education plays a fundamental role in the integral formation of individuals, acting as an important tool in the construction of the social being, encompassing personal development, civic awareness and training for work. Learning about the Transversal Theme of Health is frequently covered in Science and Biology subjects, in basic education, and can provide learning about self-care and develop the ability to recognize and create solutions in the face of contemporary social challenges experienced. One of the emerging social problems in humanity is violence, characterized by a complex and polysemic phenomenon, which is rooted in social and cultural norms and perpetuates inequality and discrimination. The increase in cases of violence against women highlights the need to develop actions to prevent and combat the problem. In this context, basic education can provide learning about conceptual knowledge and socio-historical and cultural contexts of violence against women, enabling training for recognition, prevention, confrontation and combat. The present study aims to investigate whether pedagogical approaches that act to combat violence against women, are included in basic education. The research is an indirect documentation, with a qualitative approach with an analysis model based on categories. 12 works were selected from the databases: Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Scielo and Google Scholar. The results showed the use of different pedagogical approaches, namely: debates, discussion, dialogue circles; interpretation activity with different textual genres (journalistic, short stories and strings); posters; lectures; music analysis; videos and documentaries; textual production and writing; expository classes; primer; artistic presentations; and analysis of graphs and statistical data. They were present in primary education, final years, secondary education and education for young people and adults, being more significant in secondary education. The pedagogical approaches in the selected works were developed in the disciplines of history, philosophy, mathematics, sociology, Portuguese language and interdisciplinary. With this research it was possible to identify that there are a limited number of studies that present pedagogical approaches on violence against women, applied in basic education, not finding any in the Science and Biology discipline.