Estudo anatomopatológico da lesão pulmonar aguda em camundongos tratados com extrato de Musa paradisiaca Linnaeus (Musaceae)

Abstract

Respiratory diseases pose a significant challenge to human health, among which acute lung injury stands out as an inflammatory condition affecting lung parenchyma, with high morbidity and mortality rates associated with its progression. There is no effective treatment for this disease, which is why alternative therapeutic options are being sought. The inflorescence of the banana plant is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, justifying its investigation in this disease model. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Musa paradisiaca Linnaeus in attenuating acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice and the signaling pathway associated with its effect. For this purpose, 20 male Swiss mice were divided into four experimental groups, and after treatment, they were euthanized. Pulmonary macroscopy, routine histological staining, and immunohistochemistry using anti-NF-κB, anti-TNF-α, and anti-IL-17 antibodies were performed. Histomorphometry was conducted, and the data were tabulated and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-test, with a statistical significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). The results showed a reduction in neutrophil migration to the lung parenchyma, increasing alveolar spaces; a reduction in the deposition of extracellular matrix rich in collagen fibers, preventing scarring. Additionally, inhibition of the NF-κB protein and its activation products was observed, highlighting the therapeutic potential of Musa paradisiaca against acute lung injury due to its anti-inflammatory activity