Avaliação decenal da qualidade da água e biotratamento por biofilme em trecho de rio no interior de unidade de conservação de João Pessoa - PB

Abstract

Unbridled urbanization and real estate pressure have brought with them several environmental impacts, of which we can highlight as negative the inefficiency of essential services such as regular waste collection, capture and treatment of effluents and destruction of natural ecosystems such as restingas, mangroves, rivers and riparian forests, bringing social and economic damage to communities that use these ecosystems. Urban rivers that receive contributions from effluents and have their water quality and volume compromised, generating various environmental, social and economic problems, stand out in this problem. This occurs especially with the Jaguaribe River, as it is one of the main urban rivers in João Pessoa and has extremely relevant ecosystem functions for the city's environment, such as natural drainage networks, environmental mitigation zones, among others, and which are not being offered based on the current quality of the river, which has had its natural course altered and quality degraded by human actions. That said, the central objective of this work is limited to evaluating the water quality history of the Jaguaribe River over the last 10 years at four sampling points, with data provided by the Superintendency of Environmental Administration (SUDEMA), applying treatment by biofilm in a stretch of the river in the vicinity of the Benjamim Maranhão Botanical Garden in order to verify the efficiency of the treatment and its influence on the river's bathing ability within the limits of the Garden, environmentally benefiting the river, improving the provision of ecosystem services for visitors to the local. To assess the quality of the Jaguaribe River over the last ten years, physical, chemical and biological data were used at four sampling points, which will be subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. To demonstrate the efficiency of biotreatment, pre- and post-treatment analyzes and upstream and downstream analyzes of the bioremediation system were carried out in order to identify the efficiency of biotreatment. Data were compared using the free software statistical program R, using the Student's t-test. All parameters were carried out following the international methodology described in the 23rd edition of Standad Methods for the examination of Water and Wastewater.