A MUNICIPALIZAÇÃO DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA NO BRASIL E O PAPEL DAS GUARDAS MUNICIPAIS: EVOLUÇÃO, DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS

Abstract

Public security has become an increasingly central theme in Brazil's social and political debates. In this context, there has been a movement towards the decentralization of public security following the end of the military regime, with municipal guards emerging as key actors in the process of municipalization. This paper aims to outline, from a historical, legal, and normative perspective, how the growth of these institutions occurred nationally, addressing their regulatory framework, and reaching the current stage. A qualitative and deductive research approach was adopted, relying on documentary and bibliographic sources to support the discussions raised in this process. The bibliographic review reveals that municipal guards have gradually evolved over recent decades, overcoming barriers and facing new challenges that arise throughout their development. With an increasing demand for security in communities, municipal guards have proven to be suitable institutions for the realization of local public security policies due to their proximity to the population. Thus, it was concluded that municipal guards should continue to evolve in the coming years as the importance of their role within the context of public security municipalization grows.