Civilização e república: o discurso médico higienista sobre a infância na Parayba do Norte (1921-1922)

Abstract

This work, with a focus on History of Education, aims to report the aspects of Public Instruction at the primary level during the historical cut of the First Republic, broadening the understanding of the current school organization, particularly with regard to the hygienist discourse in the school . This study investigates the multiple discourses produced and constructed socially about childhood in Parahyba do Norte, and what it elucidated about children and their education in their formation process, inserting themselves in the field of knowledge about childhood in perspective Of the Cultural History of Education, focusing on children's education and hygienic precepts. For this purpose, the pedagogical journal O EDUCADOR - Orgam do Primary Teacher is used as a source for research in the area of the History of Education that addresses issues of public education and school hygiene in titles in the historical period of 1921 and 1922, that is, period Corresponding to the First Republic. We tried to understand how the Public Instruction in Parahyba was given from the norms and purposes that governed the teaching during that time, as well as the role played by educators and educators from the analysis of school practices. In the research, we analyze the contents of the discourse and doctor and the school practices on the public education produced in the pedagogical press in the decade of 20. The methodology used is anchored in the history of the education and the analysis of the discourse, in the analytical perspective of Michel Foucault, through archeology and genealogy. The documentary source points out meanings attributed to childhood, as well as to its teaching and learning process. With this work we intend to make public the results and discoveries we have learned from the newspaper O EDUCADOR, expanding the understanding of this time and the mechanisms that instituted the hygienist discourse in Parahyba, thus deepening the knowledge and skills for research in History of Education.