Estudo comparativo de painéis vazados com cobogós em concreto EVA e material cerâmico

Abstract

In construction activity, the search for technological innovation is always desirable. In this context, it is important to consider the reduction of environmental impacts arising from the high consumption of natural resources in the design of parts that compose the subsystems in architectural construction technology. In this process, recycling materials is a valid alternative that contributes in reducing environmental impact, since to give the destination to residues can also reduce the material consumption in manufacturing of components. On the other hand, it is worth noting the problems at the interfaces between different components that are often observed in construction and, among other causes, are usually due to tensions arising from the dimensional variations of the different materials in direct contact. For example, such problems are common in the interfaces between the components of the building structure and the hollow ceramic panels generating pathologies in the panels (the weakest part) due to the incompatibility of the degree of deformation inherent to the constituent materials of each component. In this context, this work comes from the hypothesis that the use of ductile materials in hollow panels can help to alleviate these problems. In fact, studies on the recycling of waste in the footwear industry, especially as EVA lightweight aggregate replacing the natural aggregates in the manufacture of alternative cement blocks (sealing components) have demonstrated the high performance potential of these blocks in the aspect of ductility. This work focuses on the development of hollow components of Cobogó type, made of EVA concrete, here denominated EVAzado block. In this process, we start from the idea of experimentally comparing the behavior of two types of mini panels, executed with ceramic cobogós (business model) and EVAzado blocks, both submitted to vertical loads. Several steps were covered in the experimental phase, including: design block proposed as technological innovation; mold design to perform this component in laboratory, production test of the proposed component and evaluation of their physical and mechanical properties; the trials of vertical load and the measures of shortening of two types of panels, and finally, the study of redesigning of the EVAzado block, taking into account the performance recorded in the assessments. The results confirmed the ductile behavior of the panel with EVAzado block and its good performance in relation to vertical loads, which indicates potential to prevent some of the common pathologies in situations of use of cobogós ceramic panels. From the evaluations performed in the panels a few weak points in their geometry were confirmed, which were appropriately corrected in their redesign. The development process of a hollow component of Cobogó type performed in this work fulfills an important step in applied research, combining technological innovation, reducing environmental impacts (suitable destination for waste to replace natural resources) and minimization of pathologies in constructions.