A questão racial na prática das lutas em atletas negros de alto nível no Brasil

Abstract

ABSTRACT This is a qualitative, descriptive study with a cross-sectional temporal cut and uses the discourse analysis technique as a technical way of approaching the data. The aim is to analyze racial issues in the life history and daily life of high-level Brazilian black athletes. The research subjects are 4 athletes of national and/or international level in Judo (CBJ) and Brazilian Jiu- Jitsu (CBJJ), of both sexes, with experience ranging between 10 and 22 years, who participated in the most important competitions at national and/or international level. The choice of subjects was intentional and non-probabilistic. The collection instrument was an interview with a semi- structured script. The interviews were conducted online, virtually through the Google Meet and/or Whatsapp platform. To achieve the objectives of this work, we observe the following categories: socioeconomic and cultural factors; life's history; racism in sport; degree of knowledge of the participation of social movements and the social dimension of struggles; participation and results in national and international competitions; the personal perspective of the presence of racism in national and international competitions of high-level black athletes in the aforementioned modalities. Among the main results, it is common the fact that they do not have the practice of the modality as their main income. All of them started their training in places close to their homes, in the neighborhood where they lived. Three of the interviewees never had episodes of racism in training. One recalled that he had already witnessed it, but the situations were rare. Two recalled occurrences of racism in the choice of teams in the form of discriminatory treatment by local people. All were emphatic about the importance of social movements for fighting sports. All reported having the dream of being the best and reaching international level competitions to represent Brazil in these spaces as being the main motivation for the successes they achieved. All reported not recognizing direct forms of racism or racial discrimination by athletes. It was common for them to report not having registered an incident due to racial insult or racism. To speak of blacks in the world of high-level sports is also to speak of cultural resistance, a persistence in not accepting being treated as someone lesser. Even so, we have difficulties finding black athletes at the top of the rankings in some sports. This study made us understand that we still need to be more concerned with social research both in Physical Education and also in the area of Education and Health. Listen to the subjects, understand their ontologies, learn more about the culture surrounding sports. We have to recognize that there is still a long way to go before we have true representation among the athletes in the fight teams in the country