Estudo retrospectivo das ovariosalpingohisterectomias realizadas em cadelas no hospital veterinário da Universidade Federal da Paraíba-UFPB, no Período de 2019 a 2024.

Abstract

Ovariosalpingohysterectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove the ovaries and uterus, with the aim of preventing female reproduction. It plays an important role in population control and also assists in the treatment of reproductive system diseases. This study aimed to report the incidence of spaying in female dogs according to age, breed, reason for spaying, number of litters, and use of injectable hormonal contraceptives. A retrospective study was conducted based on the medical records of female dogs treated at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba between January 2019 and October 2024. A total of 690 records were analyzed, organized in Excel spreadsheets, and submitted to the Pearson Chi-square statistical test, with p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Significant results were observed for the variables age, breed, reason for spaying, use of injectable hormonal contraceptives, and number of litters. Additionally, correlations between breed and reason for spaying were not statistically significant, while age and spaying showed a significant correlation. The findings indicated that adult and elderly female dogs underwent the procedure more frequently; mixed-breed dogs (non-defined breeds) were the most spayed, and pyometra was the main reason for surgery. The number of litters was also higher among mixed-breed dogs. Regarding the use of injectable contraceptives, many female dogs had received the injection at least once or every six months; however, most medical records lacked information on contraceptive use, making this the predominant category. In the correlation between breed and reason for spaying, the results showed that any breed can be affected by the analyzed pathologies. The correlation between age and spaying showed high significance, especially among adult dogs and those with unspecified ages. Therefore, this study is highly relevant as it presents data on both therapeutic and elective procedures. Ovariosalpingohysterectomy allows for the treatment and prevention of several reproductive disorders in female dogs and contributes to dog population control. However, only a small number of surgeries were performed electively, highlighting the need for greater owner awareness regarding preventive veterinary care, as spaying provides many benefits to animals, particularly in terms of quality of life.