Avaliação Comparativa do Quadro de Anomalias da Barragem Gramame-Mamuaba nos anos de 2016, 2022 e 2025

Abstract

Among the various structures in Civil Engineering, dams stand out due to their large scale and significant impact on society, especially in a country like Brazil, which relies heavily on hydroelectric power generation, water supply and agricultural production. In light of recent structural failures, such as the disasters in Camará, Mariana and Brumadinho, the periodic evaluation of dam safety has become even more essential. This study aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of the evolution of structural anomalies in the Gramame-Mamuaba dam, located in the state of Paraíba, in the years 2016, 2022, and 2025. To achive this, bibliographic research was carried out, along with on-site inspections for photographic documentation, and the application of SABESP’s dam safety classification system, combined with a comparative anomaly matrix to analyze the progression of the identified issues. The results indicated significant improvements in the structures following the restoration works completed in 2022. However, the 2025 inspection revealed the reapperence of several anomalies, such as the presence of vegetation of the upstream slope protection and signs of erosion on the downstream slopes of both dams, indicating progressive deterioration and a return to a state of attention. These findings highlight that the effectiveness of interventions depends directly on the continuity of maintenance and monitoring actions. Thus, this study reinforces the importance of regular inspections and the implementation of public policies aimed at dam safety as essential measures to ensure structural integrity and regional water security.