Fatores associados à seguridade e à qualidade tecnológica do leite bovino e caprino no cariri paraibano

Abstract

Three studies were developed with the goal of generating knowledge to contribute in the advancement of productive arrangements of cattle and goat dairy in Oriental and Occidental Cariri of Paraiba from knowledge and technologies applied to the local reality. In the first study, which dealt with the quality of bovine milk, there was the prospect of meeting the requirements of quality required by Instruction 62 and the risk factors that influence the quality of milk. For this, samples were taken and applied questionnaires in 81 units of milk production in the municipalities of Caturité, Boqueirão, Barra de Santana and Queimadas. For the CPP was observed that 67% of properties were presented within the final recommendations of IN 62. The SCC found that only 4.9% of the properties were in disagreement with IN 62. For physicochemical parameters, the average values observed among all samples meet the requirements of the legislation. However, some properties individually presented values disagree limits required (33% in fat content, 4% of proteins, 41% nonfat dry, 25% acidity). Risk factors related to the increase in CPP were lack of technical assistance and the use of unsuitable utensils for milking, on the SCC were more than ten lactating animals and use disposable towels to dry teats. For fat risk factor for reduction was the dry season, it was time to up the protein and acidity cooling was not performing wash the teats. In the second study, there was an assessment similar to the first, however, in 160 units producing goat milk production in the municipalities of Monteiro, Sumé, São Sebastião do Umbuzeiro and Cabaceiras. The observed mean CPP was 5.1 x 106 CFU / mL. The coliform count at 35 °C averaged 6.7 x 105 CFU/mL. For E. coli was 8.8 x 10 CFU / mL. The count values for Staphylococcus spp. had a mean 1.2 x 106 CFU/mL. Detected the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in milk 5.6% of properties. In milk 1.3% of properties isolated Salmonella enterica. The SCC average was 2.2 x 106 cells/mL. The relative values of neutrophils, leukocytes and mononuclear cells were scaly 56.9, 40.7 and 2.4%, respectively. Risk factors for CPP were: absence of pre-dipping, non-elimination first streams of milk and the presence of mastitis cases. For SCC were time activity in more than seven years, use of water reservoirs, total milk production of the property less than 25 kg/milk/day, duration of lactation longer than 210 days of drying weather goats by birth and not elimination of the first streams of milk. The third study, also conducted in units of goat milk production, mastitis goats treated and evaluated the effectiveness of SCC and CMT as diagnostic tools of indirect disease. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was 0.7%. The assessment of subclinical mastitis by CMT revealed that 25% positivity test. The analysis of correlation between CMT and microbiological isolation showed poor concordance with values of 28 and 21% for scores ≥ 1 + and ≥ 2 +, respectively, and kappa index of 0.20. The scc ranged from 7.0 x 103 to 1.0 x 107, with a mean of 1.4 x 106 cells/mL. The analysis of agreement between SCC and microbiological isolation showed values 22 and 16% agreement, with Kappa index of 0.17 and 0.14 for CCS ≥ 1 and 1.5 million cells/mL, respectively. Upon microbiological isolation 14.8% of teats and 19.3% of the animals were classified as breast mastíticos. The most prevalent organisms were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (71.7%), mainly Streptococcus epidermis (34%). The highest rates of resistance seen by the disk diffusion method were antimicrobial penicillin (77%), ampicillin (75%) and tetracycline (34%). The method of microdilution plates confirmed the results obtained by disk diffusion method, however, proved to be more effective in detecting resistance to certain antibiotics.