Avaliação da produção de enzimas por Paecilomyces sp. TP08 utilizando engaço de uva e farelo de trigo como substratos na fermentação em estado sólido

Abstract

Responsible management of agro-industrial waste is crucial to mitigate the environmental impacts of its improper disposal. Grape stalks, composed mainly of lignocellulose, can represent up to 5-7% of the residue generated during grape processing. Wheat bran, on the other hand, represents 10-15% of the total wheat processed. In this context, the objective of this study was to use grape stalks and wheat bran as alternative substrates in solid-state cultivation by the action of the filamentous fungus Paecilomycessp. TP08 for the production of cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes. A 2³ factorial experimental design, with triplicate as the central point, was carried out and considered as independent variables the influence of humidity variation (60%, 70% and 80%), inoculum concentration (1x106, 107 and 108 spores per gram of substrate) and percentage of grape stalks (25%, 50% and 75%) added to the wheat bran, totaling 11 solid-state cultivations (28 °C for 120h) with samples taken every 24h to obtain the crude enzymatic extract, used in the analysis and determination of enzymatic activities through the DNS method. The results obtained showed that under conditions of 60% humidity, 25% of stalks in relation to wheat bran and inoculum concentration of 1x108 spores per gram of substrate, it was possible to obtain maximum production of FPase and CMCase in 48 h of cultivation with values of 9.7 U/g and 18.96 U/g, respectively. And under conditions of 60% humidity, 25% of stalks in relation to wheat bran and inoculum concentration of 1x106 spores per gram of substrate, maximum production of Pectinases was also obtained in 48 h with 44.5 U/g of enzymatic activity. As a result of the experimental design, it was possible to observe that the substrate was the factor that most influenced the enzymatic production, followed by the inoculum concentration. Thus, based on the results achieved, the potential for enzyme production when using grape stalks as a partial replacement for wheat bran as substrates in solid-state cultivation under the proposed conditions becomes evident.