Assédio organizacional em gestão por estresse contra os bancários: um recorte do assédio institucional nos bancos da Paraíba

Abstract

This study investigates the phenomenon of organizational harassment, emphasizing management by stress, directed at workers in the banking sector in the state of Paraíba, analyzing it as a form of institutional harassment. Starting from the historical contextualization of labor relations and the inherent conflict between capital and labor, it addresses the evolution of worker protection and the persistence of exploitative practices that violate human dignity and personality rights. It defines moral harassment (mobbing), its classifications (vertical, horizontal, mixed), and characterizing elements (abusiveness, repetition, intentionality, attack on dignity), differentiating it from isolated acts and exploring its international nomenclatures and psychosocial consequences. The concept of organizational harassment (straining) is introduced, highlighting its tools – management by injury, stress, and fear – and its purpose of control and increased productivity, in contrast to interpersonal moral harassment which aims at the individual's exclusion. The study focuses on the reality of banks in Paraíba, demonstrating, through doctrinal, jurisprudential, and case study analysis (such as the "Aquarium Room" case and the "Dani Case"), how management by stress manifests through abusive targets, constant pressure, punitive performance evaluations, exacerbated internal competition, and segregation of judicially reinstated employees. Data on Work Accident Communications (CAT) are presented, evidencing the high rate of physical (RSI/WRMSD) and psychological illnesses in the sector, correlating them with organizational harassment practices. The strict civil liability of the employer, the victim's difficulty in proving the claims, the legal implications, and the applicable statute of limitations are discussed. The importance of Quality of Work Life (QWL) and recent changes to Regulatory Norm No. 1, which include the management of psychosocial risks, are addressed as prevention and health promotion strategies. It concludes on the need to combat organizational harassment in Paraíba's banking institutions, replacing harmful management practices with policies that promote a healthy and respectful work environment, emphasizing the importance of educational measures, effective oversight, and adequate reparations as instruments for eradicating this violation of the worker's fundamental rights.