USO DE DROGAS PSICOATIVAS NA GESTAÇÃO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Abstract

The use of psychiatric drugs during pregnancy is a complex issue involving the need to treat mental disorders while balancing potential risks to pregnancy progression and fetal vitality. This study presents a literature review that included 16 articles from the PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases, using the keywords "Pregnancy," "Psychotropic Medications," and "Psychiatric Disorders," covering the period from June to September 2024. The use of psychiatric medications is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations, such as cardiac and central nervous system anomalies, in addition to neonatal complications such as respiratory issues and difficulties adapting to the external environment. There are findings linking the possibility of persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns exposed to antidepressants. Thus, the decision to use these medications must be based on a careful assessment of benefits and risks. Non-pharmacological alternatives, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychological support programs, can effectively reduce symptoms without the risks associated with drug use. The management of psychiatric treatment during pregnancy should be multidisciplinary, ensuring open communication between the pregnant woman and the healthcare team, which allows for informed decision-making about treatment. Continuous monitoring of both maternal and fetal health is essential to adjust the treatment plan as needed, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of interventions. In conclusion, the approach to mental health during pregnancy should be comprehensive, integrating both pharmacological treatments and non-pharmacological alternatives, always prioritizing the health of both the mother and the child.