A psicologização da "questão social" e suas inflexões na política de assistência social

Abstract

The present master’s dissertation focuses on the debate about the ways of coping with the “Social Issue” in Brazil through contemporary social policies. Essentially, it is inserted in the analysis of the moralizing, individualizing, subjectivizing role that these policies can have, when operationalized by the State, by condensing the phenomenon called psychologization of the “Social Issue”. The study aims to understand the phenomenon of the psychologization of the “Social Issue” through the political-economic models of organization of the social state in Brazil. For that, it was necessary a theoretical-analytical apprehension of the philosophical and conjunctural bases that served as the basis for the discussion from the categories such as alienation, class struggle, capitalist conjuncture to the relationship with the political-economic models of the State. This dissertation is based on the method of dialectical historical materialism, by searching for the essence of the object through the approximate apprehensions of social reality, considering the diversity of categories that contemplate human complexity. It is a theoretical study of bibliographic and documentary character with a qualitative approach, which is carried out in the perspective of the study of proposals of the Government Plans destined to the Social Assistance Policy, which allows the provision of contents that allow to verify the concreteness of the “psychologization” in the reality of the Brazilian Social Assistance Policy. The documentations raised include the different Government Programs or Plans officially presented by the presidential candidates elected since the 1990s and comprise their adopted political and economic perspectives, strategies for coping with the “Social Issue” and mainly, the use of the psychologization mechanism in these proposals for coping. Investigative findings of the research reveal the materialization of the phenomenon of psychologization through practices adopted by the Brazilian State in coping with the expressions of the “Social Issue”. The Collor de Melo government punctuated modernization through individualization and adaptation to the dictates of the market, forcing the unification of agendas between classes around an supposed prosperity, democracy and the appeal to religiosity and subjectivism; the FHC governments guide the reduction of the State and the search for the individual autonomy of the man, extolling the market as an essential force, through privatizations, credit concessions and consumer citizens. The Luís Inácio Lula da Silva government focuses on social development, however, it does not rule out the essential presence of the private sector, it focuses on entrepreneurship, economic autonomy, stimulating financing, increasing purchasing power linked to the mass consumer market , and, invests in the logic of citizenship through consumption; the Dilma Vana Rousseff government expresses continuity to the various agendas of the Lula government, especially in the focus of social development linked to consumption, in the focus on stimulating entrepreneurship, in investing in the mischaracterization of the notion of class, and, therefore, with the dismemberment in multiple classes or subgroups; and Michel Temer's interim Government, in turn, takes up more explicit aspects of neoliberalism, of an individualizing nature, without discussing the great narratives regarding the creation of social programs / projects, focusing intensely on economic indices and contempt for the effectiveness of Social politics.