ANÁLISE DE PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE MULHERES SUBMETIDAS À INDUÇÃO DO TRABALHO DE PARTO EM UMA MATERNIDADE DE REFERÊNCIA NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA

Abstract

The study aims to analyze the epidemiological factors associated with successful vaginal delivery in pregnant women undergoing labor induction, as well as to characterize neonatal outcomes (birth weight and APGAR score) in a reference maternity hospital in the state of Paraíba. In this sense, an observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was carried out at the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, including all women- at least 18 years old- who underwent labor induction between February 2023 and 2024. The sample included 190 pregnant women with topical singleton pregnancies, without contraindications to the procedure, who used misoprostol, oxytocin, and/or the Krause technique. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, maternal and fetal comorbidities, induction methods, route of delivery, birth weight, and APGAR score were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric tests, in addition to logistic regression to assess predictive factors for successful induction. The sample consisted predominantly of pregnant women aged between 18 and 34 years (78.4%), most of whom were primiparous (52.6%), with a gestational age between 37 and 40 weeks (77.9%). The most commonly used induction method was misoprostol alone (84.2%). Successful induction of labor, defined as vaginal delivery at labor, was achieved by 53.7% of pregnant women, with cesarean section occurring in 46.3%. Significant factors for the success of vaginal delivery were a history of previous vaginal delivery (p-value < 0.001) and marital status, with higher success rates in married pregnant women or those in a stable union (p-value = 0.002). There was no significant association between maternal age, body mass index (BMI) or maternal comorbidities and the success of induction, although pregnant women with BMI ≥ 40 had a higher proportion of cesarean sections. Regarding neonatal outcomes, vaginal delivery was associated with higher APGAR scores at 5 minutes, while fetal comorbidities did not impact the mode of delivery. Thus, the results of the study suggest that a history of previous vaginal delivery and marital status are important predictors of the success of labor induction and should be considered when evaluating candidates for the procedure to optimize effectiveness and improve neonatal outcomes as well.