A influência de estratégias diferenciadas para o ensino e aprendizagem da anatomia humana no ensino superior

Abstract

Human anatomy is an important subject for understanding the body and its interconnections and plays a crucial role in academic education. Its teaching is traditional, using cadaveric specimens, atlases and theoretical-practical classes, which makes it a difficult subject due to its broad terminology and complex content. To overcome these problems, learning has been improved with new methodologies, which include the use of digital resources, 3D specimens and models, that is, active approaches to stimulate autonomy and critical thinking among students. Meaningful learning, based on the relationship between prior knowledge and new concepts, becomes essential, requiring effort from the student and innovative pedagogical practices from institutions and teachers. The combination of traditional and contemporary methods allows for more dynamic and effective teaching, better preparing future professionals. The research was conducted at the Federal University of Paraíba, with 16 students from the Biological Sciences course, enrolled in the Basic Human Anatomy subject. The research was conducted using quali-quanti methods, with an exploratory method and action research. The collection was developed through questionnaires with the focus on analyzing the students' knowledge, about which methodologies they consider most efficient to be applied to the teaching and learning of this curricular component and data analysis was descriptive to allow better understanding and interpretation of the data. In addition, digital platforms such as Kahoot were used to create Quiz; educational games, such as: boards and synthetic pieces available in the collection of the Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB. The results were described through the content analysis method, in which the data collected demonstrated that the use of differentiated methodologies help in the formation of students so that they have meaningful learning and not just memorization. The study showed that differentiated approaches, such as: use of educational games, anatomical models, 3D synthetic pieces, make the teaching of Human Anatomy more meaningful and efficient, being fundamental to consolidate knowledge, increasing students' confidence in the subject presented. Thus, when used with traditionalist methods, pedagogical strategies help in understanding the content, encouraging student autonomy, being a key element in making teaching more dynamic and effective, creating an environment necessary to meet their needs.