Análise epidemiológica do pé torto congênito em uma maternidade de referência no Nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital clubfoot (CFT) is a complex deformity that compromises the flexibility and structure of the foot alignment. Being one of the most recurrent pediatric malformations in the world, CFT presents disparities in its incidence among different population groups. Understanding the epidemiological profile of these patients and understanding this variation is crucial for planning efficient health strategies, ensuring early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Objective: To describe the profile of patients with congenital clubfoot treated at a reference maternity hospital in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Methodology: The study was developed in two parts. The first part was a systematic review aimed at characterizing the epidemiological profile of patients with CFT based on scientific evidence. In the second stage, information regarding children born with congenital malformations in a maternity hospital in Paraíba, from 2018 to 2023, was accessed, analyzing their profile and determining their incidence. Results: Eighteen articles were found eligible for the systematic review, showing a higher prevalence in boys and genetic influence associated with family history. Socioeconomic factors, such as low income, place of residence, and parental education level, significantly influenced adherence to treatment, impacting clinical results and hindering access to health services. Births with congenital clubfoot in Paraíba showed an incidence higher than the global average, with significant differences between neurological and non-neurological types. The results pointed to the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary monitoring, especially for children with disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions. Conclusion: The findings of this research highlight the importance of early diagnosis and adequate treatment of CCF to ensure motor development and quality of life for affected children. The results also highlight the need for public policies that aim to expand access to health services, especially for the most vulnerable populations.