Uma análise socio-criminológica do encarceramento de mulheres por tráfico de drogas

Abstract

The object of this work is the reasons that gave rise to the processes of criminalization of women for the practice of the crime of drug trafficking. With the expansion of mo-dernity and the market on a global level, there has also been an increase in violence and ways of oppressing women. In this sense, not only the body but the soul of women has been the object of aggression in the most varied ways since colonialism, which currently uses mass incarceration as the newest means of dominating women, espe-cially black women. To investigate this phenomenon, not only critical and feminist crim-inology was used, but also the coloniality of power to understand the processes of criminalization and female incarceration, since it is what makes modern penal control a fundamental tool for patriarchal domination. Female incarceration for drug trafficking has been presenting figures that call the attention of the academic community, as it dispels the view that male imprisonment is the rule while female imprisonment is mar-ginal. Not taking the increase in the imprisonment of women into account is the same as continuing this social structure of gender, given that prisons, as they are also a space of control, end up pointing to the gendered character of society in general. How-ever, this criterion cannot be seen in isolation because it is intertwined with race and class markers. In view of this scenario, field research was carried out using the ethno-graphic method with the application of semi-structured interviews to the ex-egresses of the Feminine Penal Colony - Bom Pastor, in Pernambuco, in order to, from the prison experience reported by them, understand the causes of this high number of arrests. The processes of feminization of poverty are intrinsically related to the criminalization of poor and, above all, black women, being one of the main causes of the phenomenon investigated here. Added to this are factors such as the sexual division of labor, the feminization of leadership in family homes, the flexibility of capital accumulation, among other factors that together give rise to a scenario of high vulnerabilities.