Respostas na produtividade do milho com uso de fertilizantes mistos via semente e foliar

Abstract

Maize is one of the most cultivated crops globally, with a worldwide production of 1.21 billion tons in the 24/25 harvest. The use of mixed fertilizers in maize promotes better nutrient absorption by the plant, influencing its growth and other agronomic characteristics. This study analyzed the efficacy of mixed fertilizer application, via seed treatment and foliar spray, in the P3707PYH maize hybrid. The experiment was conducted at the Chã-de-Jardim Experimental Farm in Areia/PB. A randomized block design (RBD) was used with 4 replications and 8 treatments, totaling 32 experimental units. The treatments consisted of the application of two products (Product A: mixed mineral fertilizer with macro and micronutrients via seed treatment; Product B: mixed mineral fertilizer with micronutrients via foliar application) at different phenological stages (V3 and V8) and combinations, including a control treatment. The evaluated variables included average ear diameter, average ear length, average number of rows per ear, average number of grains per row per ear, number of grains per ear, average ear weight, and yield. The results demonstrated a notable increase in crucial variables such as the number of rows per ear, the number of grains per ear, ear weight, and consequently, yield. Treatment 3, which combined the application of Product A via seed treatment and Product B via foliar spray at the V3 vegetative stage, stood out by providing the highest increase in yield. Optimized management of mixed fertilizers, particularly the combination of seed and foliar application at specific phenological stages, is an effective strategy to maximize maize yield, especially under rainfed conditions and in soils with low natural fertility. The research highlights the importance of adequate availability of essential micronutrients, such as zinc, boron, and molybdenum, for crop development and productivity. Further studies are recommended to validate these results under diverse edaphoclimatic conditions and to investigate the long-term residual effects of these fertilizers on the soil and subsequent crops.