Análise da associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e parâmetros clínicos, laboratoriais e insulinoterapia em pacientes DM2 com e sem retinopatia diabética

Abstract

Increased consumption of UPFs is associated with negative outcomes, including DM2. The aim of this study was to analyze the consumption of UPFs by diabetic patients with and without DR. A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted into DM2 without DR (n=132) and DM2 with DR (n=204). Biochemical, anthropometric, and clinical parameters and food consumption were analyzed. Consumption data were obtained using the R24hours application and tabulated using New Brasil Nutri software. He data on UPF food intake was characterized in tertiles, and the results showed that in the entire study population, the mean total energy intake from UPFs was 16.00%. In the group without DR, there was a presence of insulin therapy (p=0.027) and total cholesterol (p=0.019). When comparing the distribution of the DM2 groups without DR vs. with DR, it was found that individuals without DR were concentrated in the tertiles of highest UPF consumption, while those with DR were concentrated in the tertile of lowest consumption (p=0.026). A binary logistic regression model was applied analyzing the association between tertile 3 of UPF consumption and insulin therapy in the group without DR, model 1 adjusting variable age (p=0.008), model 2 age and sex (p=0.008), and model 3 age, sex and time since diabetes diagnosis (p=0.015). In the population studied, the clinical condition influenced the distribution of patients in the tertiles of UPF consumption. DM2 patients without DR in the highest tertiles of UPF consumption presented negative metabolic repercussions, while the same did not occur in the DR group.