Análise custo-eficiência da implantação de dispositivos de baixo impacto em estacionamentos urbanos: um estudo de caso em hotel no bairro de Cabo Branco, em João Pessoa - PB

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and population growth have created significant challenges for the sustainable planning of Brazilian cities, resulting in uncontrolled growth of metropolises and excessive soil impermeability. Conventional drainage systems prioritize rapid water removal, often leading to intense stormwater runoff that causes flooding and damage to urban areas. To mitigate these problems, the sustainable drainage approach stands out, combining several source control techniques to restore the natural characteristics of the hydrological cycle that existed before urbanization. In this context, Low Impact Developments (LIDs) propose the integration of stormwater control devices into the urban environment. This study aims to analyze the isolated and integrated efficiency of three LIDs in controlling surface runoff in a parking lot that will be renovated into a hotel located in the Cabo Branco neighborhood of João Pessoa-PB. The devices evaluated include the infiltration trench, the permeable pavement and the rain garden. For the analysis, four simulation scenarios were defined, varying the application of sustainable techniques, which were modeled using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) software, considering the defined design rainfall. The experiment involved identifying the sub-basins, the structure of the LIDs and the quantification of the costs associated with their implementation. The results showed that all LIDs, with the exception of the scenario that integrated only rain gardens and permeable pavement, were effective in controlling runoff, with permeable pavement being the most efficient in terms of controlling flow and volume. In addition, the analysis of the total installation cost revealed that scenario 2 provided the best cost-efficiency ratio, highlighting the importance of LIDs for the sustainability of drainage systems and the need to adapt each project to the specificities of the urban environment.