Uma avaliação do indice de mobilidade urbana sustentável: o caso de João Pessoa - PB

Abstract

Traveling is an intrinsic action of human beings, from their origin to their last day of life. With his travels, he satisfied the most basic needs, such as food, and the most unthinkable, such as conquering the world. Supply and transfer points, on land or water, designed the first cities, and, later, the most distant points of the planet were accessed by plane. To move around, man spared no effort in investing time and resources in mobility technologies, therefore, conquered land, water and air, and invest even more to explore spaces beyond Earth. With the evolution of technology and information, urgency and immediacy call for faster travels, however the distances to be overcome are getting bigger every day and, consequently, more time is spent traveling than actually living the city. Daily, there are more spaces competitions with the machine built for displacement, the car. As a consequence, human started to lose preference and ceased to be the protagonist of cities, so, cultures and communities got sick and unsustainable scenarios of use of natural resources and fuel were created by this experience. Diagnosing the conditions of urban sustainability has become a global issue and transport is an essential factor in city planning. Because of this problem, this work aims to diagnose the conditions and sustainable urban mobility of João Pessoa, PB. As a methodology was used the Sustainable Urban Mobility Index (SUM_I), developed by Costa (2008), which has 9 domains, 37 themes and 87 indicators. For the capital of Paraíba, the global SUM_I of 0.561 was obtained, this result indicated the need for improvements towards more sustainable directions of mobility in the city. During the application, it was found that 18 indicators need updates for more representative results. Despite the necessary improvements in the method, the SUM_I proved to be the most complete tool for the analysis of medium and large Brazilian cities, as it presents a rich variety of criteria in its diagnosis and analysis.