Análise da aplicação dos princípios do Lean Construction em uma empresa de construção civil: Desafios e oportunidades de melhoria

Abstract

Given the importance of civil construction for the development of a country and for job creation, it becomes evident that there is a need to implement new management models that aim at more efficient production, unlike traditional models, which culturally present high levels of waste and operational inefficiency. In this sense, this study deals with Lean Construction, a construction management philosophy that aims to make the construction process more efficient. This philosophy was developed by the Finnish Lauri Koskela, and originated in Japan after the Second World War, based on Lean Production. This study aimed to analyze the application of Lean Construction principles in a civil construction company. To this end, it was necessary to: a) identify the principles of Lean Construction; b) evaluate the company's level in terms of implementation of Lean principles; c) demonstrate the challenges faced in implementing Lean principles and tools; d) Propose improvements in the production and management processes of the company analyzed. A qualitative descriptive-exploratory research was then carried out, seeking through a case study to evaluate the level of a reference construction company in the city of João Pessoa - PB, in relation to the use of Lean Construction principles and tools, based on questionnaires, interviews and participant observation. In view of this, it was found that the company's board of directors has a percentage of 62%, obtaining the CC classification, considered a reasonable level, while the engineering sector obtained a percentage of 53%, obtaining the DDD level, considered a level that has a low focus on improvements and no knowledge about lean construction, while the workers obtained a percentage of 67% obtaining the CCC level, demonstrating that this class has a focus on quality, but little or no knowledge about lean construction. In conclusion, after discussing the results with the board of directors, Lean Construction was accepted as a solution through the proposals presented in this work. In this way, the work contributed to the introduction of Lean Construction concepts and tools in the company studied and with the incentive for continuous improvement focused on construction management models.