Análise da relação entre trabalho e saúde mental no contexto da residência multiprofissional

Abstract

The general objective of this dissertation is to analyze the relationship between work activity and the mental health of multidisciplinary residents at a university hospital in Paraíba. Three exploratory qualitative studies were conducted. The first consists of an integrative literature review, whose purpose was to identify the main factors associated with psychological distress and mental illness during training. The search was carried out in national databases using predefined criteria. The publications were analyzed using scientometric methods and Descending Hierarchical Classification, with the aid of the IRAMUTEQ software. The results indicate that mental health in this context has been predominantly investigated from a quantitative perspective, focused on measuring levels of illness and identifying psychopathologies related to work activity. In addition, the data revealed a strong influence of work organization on mental health. Factors such as high workload, lack of recognition and overload of activities translate into symptoms that can result in stress, anxiety, depression and burnout syndrome. The second study is an empirical study conducted with 10 multidisciplinary residents from a university hospital. The objective was to analyze the implications of the work experience in the multidisciplinary residency for mental health, considering the residents' own perspective. To this end, a semi-structured interview script was used, constructed based on theoretical inspirations from Ergology and the results of the first study. The interviews were analyzed qualitatively using the thematic content analysis technique and interpreted in the light of Ergology. The results indicate that the processes of precariousness that affect the SUS have repercussions on multidisciplinary residencies, with the main characteristic being exploitation, which can be identified by the overload of activities, excessive workload and professional devaluation. Despite the challenges, the residents considered work, interpersonal bonds and recognition of work as protective factors for mental health. Finally, study 3 aimed to develop meetings about work based on the theoretical framework of Ergology, as a strategy for promoting mental health. An average of ten multidisciplinary residents participated in this stage. Three meetings were held to discuss issues related to work experience, using the Three-Pole Dynamic Device as a methodology. The results indicate that the group approach facilitated the sharing of feelings, fears and perceptions about the training process and experiences associated with daily challenges. This tool promoted the development and strengthening of collective actions, being indicated as essential tools for coping with and redefining the suffering experienced.