Análise comparativa técnico econômico do fornecimento de energia elétrica utilizando geração a diesel e sistemas de armazenamento por baterias

Abstract

Electricity is an indispensable item in society, present in both routine day-to-day activities and in activities that are important for maintaining global economic development. Its absence would imply a serious setback in the evolution of society, bringing social and economic losses. In recent years, the cost of energy has increased significantly, reaching very high levels. In view of this, many consumers seek strategies to deal with energy instabilities and/or high costs under certain conditions of the day. One of the most requested solutions is the use of diesel generation systems (DGS). However, the use of DGS is associated with several drawbacks, such as the high cost per liter of diesel and environmental pollution. The search for solutions aligned with sustainability has driven the development and use of alternative and renewable sources, such as solar and wind energy. In addition, other technologies are being implemented, such as battery energy storage systems (BESS). This paper presents a comparative analysis of the technical and economic feasibility of supplying electricity using SGD and BESS during peak hours, aiming at reducing costs in the energy bill of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). This paper presents a comparative analysis of the technical and economic feasibility of supplying electricity using SGD and BESS during peak hours to reduce costs in the energy bill of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). The battery technology used in the study was lithium iron phosphate (LFP), as it has a longer service life, safety and high energy efficiency. Methodologically, the work was divided into four phases: (1) Study of the consumer profile; (2) Study of the tariff option; (3) Study of the technical feasibility and (4) Study of the economic feasibility of the project. The main economic indicators were applied: (NPV), payback (IRR) and (LCOE). The Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method was also used. Four SGD and four BESS proposals were compared. The best SGD proposal presented the following results: payback of 11.2 years, NPV of R$252,109.46, IRR of 15.47% and LCOE of R$3.0755/kWh and the best BESS proposal, with payback of 9.8 years, NPV of R$1,596,671.33, IRR of 17.58% and LCOE of R$2.134/kWh. SMC obtained the following results: for SGD, 80.32% probability of the IRR exceeding the Minimum Attractive Rate (MAR); for BESS, 100% probability of the NPV being greater than 0 and the IRR being greater than the MAR.