Análise de índices de vegetação RGB através de imagens obtidas por VANT em lajedo no semiárido paraibano

Abstract

This study analyzes the application of RGB vegetation indices derived from images obtained by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the Lajedo Salambaia region, located between the municipalities of Cabaceiras and Boa Vista, in the semiarid region of Paraíba. This geomorphological formation, located within the Cariri Environmental Protection Area (APA), has significant potential for water export, which is stored in its surroundings, a crucial factor in a region characterized by water deficit. The methodology employed consisted of acquiring aerial images using a DJI Mini 2 drone equipped with a 12MP camera, followed by the creation of a high-resolution orthomosaic and subsequent processing to generate four vegetation indices based on the visible spectrum bands: Green Leaf Index (GLI), Triangular Greenness Index (TGI), Modified Green Red Vegetation Index (MGVRI), and Excess Green Index (ExG). Comparative analysis of these indices allowed us to assess the vegetative vigor, biomass, and photosynthetic activity of the vegetation surrounding the lajedo, providing insights into local environmental dynamics. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of using UAVs as an economically viable alternative for environmental monitoring of smaller areas, overcoming the spatial resolution limitations of conventional satellite imagery.