O discurso racista em imagens visuais do livro didático de ciências humanas e sociais aplicadas do ensino médio da rede estadual da Paraíba

Abstract

The contemporany world is marked by the profuse presence of visual images of various types and genres in the day-to-day of social relations that are evidenced though their visual records in different places, which carry in a specific way, a certain enunciative regularity that needs to be investigated. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate and analyze the presence and use of visual images of black people in textbooks, articulated to a racist and structural sociocultural order in Brazil. Because of this, our research, situated in the area of Education and, more precisely, in the field of Cultural Studies of Education (ECE), defends the thesis that there is a racist discourse in visual images of black people in the Textbooks of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences of High School of the state network of Paraíba. And, it has as its object of investigation the racist discourse present in visual images of the LD of CHSA of EM of the state network of PB. The Theoretical-methodological approach used was the Archaeological Discourse Analysis (AAD), by Michel Foucault (2015), developed in its first phase of investigation. The analysis of racist discourse was carried out in two distinct, subsequent and complementary movements: a horizontal one, divided in two stages: the indexical one and the of mapping the visual images of black people, present in the source LD; then another vertical one, with the following stages: excavation of what was mapped, systematization of the findings, enunciative analysis of the constituents of racist discourse and description of the orders that establish this discourse, identified in the crossing of the use of visual images of black people in the LD investigated. The analysis made it possible to identify the following enunciative series grouped into two distinct modes, namely: those that constituted the guiding statements, the root of this discourse, those that maintain the rules of discursive formation, which are: stigmatization, inferiorization, dehumanization, depersonalization, animalization and servitude; and, those that composed the ramifications of this discourse, the spreading series, responsible for taking this discourse to various fields of domain, specifically identified as: philosophical, religious, scientific-biological, geoenvironmental, political-institutional, legal-juridical, economic-labor, historical-cultural, sports, artistic-multicultural, educationalliberating and political-social, which obey five specific discursive orders according to what they establish: acceptance, justification, structuralizing, permanence and disruptive. All these elements are constitutive of our research object, which were described in great detail in the Racist Discourse Derivation Tree (ADDR), as well as allowing us to understand the rule of racist discourse and its visual-image materiality in the LD in question.