Diagnóstico da qualidade da água do Rio Jaguaribe Em João Pessoa/PB - da nascente até a Mata Do Buraquinho

Abstract

This study presents a current assessment of the water quality of the Jaguaribe River in João Pessoa, Paraíba, along the stretch between its source in the Boa Esperança Community and the Buraquinho Forest. The research was based on physical-chemical and microbiological analyses, complemented by field observations, with the aim of identifying the main environmental impacts resulting from anthropogenic actions. Parameters such as pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphorus, total nitrogen, thermotolerant coliforms, and others were evaluated, comparing them with the limits established by CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. The results indicated that the spring water quality is "Good," according to the Water Quality Index (WQI), and that it is suitable for bathing (primary contact recreation). With the exception of the dissolved oxygen parameter, the water quality meets the Class 2 parameters of CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. A marked degradation in water quality is occurring along the river's course, evidenced by high concentrations of nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms, as well as records of silting of the riverbanks, discharge of domestic sewage, and accumulation of solid waste. Two critical stretches of contamination were identified. One, between the source and point C, saw a significant increase in fecal coliform counts, reaching 20,625 CFU/100 mL, and the other, between point D (at Cristo Redentor) and point E (at Varjão), where the fecal coliform count increased from 2,593 to 19,812 CFU/100 mL. The lack of basic sanitation infrastructure, irregular occupation, the removal of riparian vegetation, and the dumping of solid waste on the riverbanks constitute the main drivers of pollution. This diagnosis provides technical support for immediate actions aimed at restoring the river's environment, its ecosystem services, and improving the population's quality of life.