Análise sobre a gestão de resíduos sólidos no município de Pedras de Fogo - PB

Abstract

The Brazilian municipalities have been taking on more and more responsibilities, such as taking care of health and public assistance, guaranteeing access to culture, education, science, sanitation and protecting the environment. Solid Waste Management, also under municipal responsibility, is onerous and according to the National Sanitation Information System – SNIS (2019), in 44.8% of the municipalities there is no charge for this service. According to the Brazilian Association of Public Cleaning and Special Waste Companies - ABRELPE (2020) the final disposal of urban solid waste (USW) at the national level is 40.5% inadequate, with 23% going to controlled landfills and still 17.5 % for dumps. However, it is worth noting that controlled landfill is also an inadequate practice. An alternative to reduce costs and enable an economic return to the municipality is the use of waste as new materials in the production chain. This research focused on urban solid waste processing processes with emphasis on Organic Household Waste (RDO), estimating the production of biogas, potentially used as fuel for cooking or energy generation. In the municipality of Pedras de Fogo-PB, the RDO are around 43% (Arruda et al, 2021). Through the search for parameters in the literature, it was possible to model the system from the disposal of waste to the generation of biogas and its forms of use. It was estimated that with a generation of around 17.16 of MSW, of which 7.38 t/day RDO, where there is a potential generation of 817.61 m³ of biogas per day, which could generate around 52.91 kWh of energy, the equivalent to supply 383 families each month or offering savings of R$ 23,600.09 to the public coffers. Observing the scenario of high values of fossil fuels, electricity and the basic food basket in the country, an alternative was presented when estimating the use of biogas to cook food in replacement of LPG, thus obtaining an equivalent to 509 cylinders weighing 13 kg each month, meaning R$ 47,550.72 per month. From the correction of monetary values, through the IGP-M, the investment for a biomethanization plant for the municipality of Pedras de Fogo-PB was estimated. The discovery of such potential is of great relevance, as it supports and encourages the articulation between surrounding municipalities, leaving them stronger and better structured for the fulfillment of public policies, economic development, social justice and environmental balance.