Análise socioambiental e espacial do rio Sanhauá com base em indicadores e geoprocessamento.

Abstract

This research presents a socio-environmental and spatial analysis of the Sanhauá River, integrating secondary data, remote sensing techniques, and systematic mapping, with the purpose of providing a comprehensive overview of the environmental and social conditions of the watershed. A detailed characterization of the study area enabled the understanding of ecological and socioeconomic challenges, as well as providing technical support for management and conservation strategies. The adopted methodology included watershed delimitation, documental bibliographic review, systematization of spatial data, thematic mapping, water quality monitoring, and integration of results. The analyses comprised climatic, rainfall, geomorphological, pedological, and phytogeographic aspects, as well as the characterization of the hydrographic network. Maps of land use and occupation and potentially polluting activities were developed, in addition to the classification of water bodies according to the standards established by the Environmental Protection Council of the State of Paraíba (COPAM). The assessment of water quality at a strategic point within the urban stretch of the river enabled the analysis of environmental indicators representative of the current condition of the ecosystem. The results highlight the main anthropogenic pressures on the watershed, pointing out vulnerabilities and providing information that may support adaptive management, environmental restoration, and sustainable planning of the region.