Avaliação da suplementação de vitamina D3, consumo alimentar e perfil inflamatório em homens com psoríase de um Hospital universitário

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious, immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Lesions may be related to low levels of active metabolites of vitamin D. Vitamin D participates in immunobiological processes by reducing the production of autoantibodies and increasing the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 10 and chemokine receptor 10 by B cells. Based on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of 25- hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, C-reactive protein, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein before and after supplementation, as well as the dietary intake of vitamin D in patients with psoriasis and to identify sun exposure before and after supplementation, observing the exposure time and use of sunscreen. This is a placebo-controlled intervention study involving 21 patients followed by the dermatology outpatient clinic of the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba. Participants were selected based on biochemical tests to detect vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. They were then divided into two groups: 10 patients were allocated to the experimental group and 11 patients to the placebo group. The experimental group was supplemented with vitamin D3 at a dosage of 10,000 IU/day for a period of 8 weeks, while the placebo group received the placebo, with the same appearance and supplementation schedule. Data collection was carried out by reading the medical records and consultations held with the participants, where information was collected on food consumption (to quantify daily vitamin D intake, through the application of a 24-hour recall survey), daily sun exposure, use of sunscreen and skin phototype; and blood collection was performed to analyze the serum concentration of vitamin D, calcium, parathyroid hormone, C-reactive protein and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein before and after vitamin D supplementation. Of the total participants, 47.6% (n = 10) were part of the experimental group and 52.4% (n = 11) of the placebo group, with a mean age in years of 43.86 ± 8.51. When analyzing the biochemical parameters of vitamin D, it was detected that supplementation increased serum levels of 25(OH)D, with a median value of 29.20 ng/dL (17.60-75.20), which was significant between the groups. However, it was noted that supplementation did not significantly reduce sérum levels of the inflammatory profile analyzed. It was also observed that the participants presented a deficient daily consumption of vitamin D, a frequency of sun exposure ≥30 minutes, with 81% of the participants not using sunscreen, and the most frequent skin phototype being dark skin, which raises the hypothesis that these parameters contributed to the deficiency in these 10 patients. Concluding that vitamin D supplementation is necessary for them, highlighting the importance of further research.