A importância das praças públicas na promoção de serviços ecossistêmicos culturais e de acessibilidade na cidade de João Pessoa–PB

Abstract

This study addresses the relevance of public squares in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, for the promotion of cultural and accessibility ecosystem services. The primary objective was to identify the cultural and accessibility ecosystem services provided by ten public squares in João Pessoa, Paraíba. The specific objectives were to characterize the squares, map the cultural and accessibility ecosystem services, compare the analyzed squares, develop an atlas to disseminate the services, and propose public policies to improve their management and conservation. he study employed a qualitative and descriptive approach, including semi-structured interviews with users of the city's ten main public squares. Additionally, mappings of ecosystem services and available infrastructure were conducted, analyzing users' environmental perceptions and identifying accessibility gaps. The results showed that public squares play a crucial role in promoting cultural ecosystem services such as recreation, leisure, and environmental education. Visitors reported emotional and social benefits, emphasizing the positive impact of green spaces on well-being. Independence Square stood out as the most forested, with 96.31% permeable area, making it a preferred space for recreational and educational activities. Despite advancements, limitations in accessibility were identified: only 2% of respondents identified as people with disabilities, reflecting structural barriers such as a lack of ramps, suitable drinking fountains, and accessible restrooms. The infrastructure analysis revealed that while some squares feature elements like playgrounds and benches, others lack maintenance and inclusive adaptations. Additionally, local biodiversity and temperature regulation were recognized as environmental benefits provided by the squares, though these aspects remain underestimated by urban managers, highlighting the need for more robust public policies to preserve and expand such areas. The research contributed with an atlas of the squares, two scientific articles, and a legislative proposal focused on expanding green areas and urban accessibility. It was concluded that, beyond leisure spaces, public squares can serve as models for sustainable cities, inspiring improvements in other municipalities. Implementing public policies that prioritize environmental conservation and social inclusion is crucial. Investments in accessible infrastructure, such as ramps, signage, and adapted restrooms, are essential to ensure full use of the squares by all citizens. Raising public awareness of cultural ecosystem services is also vital, fostering conscious use and appreciation of these spaces. Finally, the research emphasized the importance of integrating users’ perspectives into urban planning, using their insights to support governmental decision-making. With effective management, public squares can become true pillars of sustainable development, promoting a more harmonious coexistence between humans and the environment.