Fenômeno corrupção no setor público brasileiro contemporâneo uma discussão associada à estrutura Ator-Rede

Abstract

The general objective of this thesis is to discuss corruption in the context of the contemporary Brazilian public sector, supported by the Actor-Network analytical framework, challenging Agency Theory and the Social Contract Approach. The epistemological framework of this study is pragmatic realism, through the lenses of Agency Theory and the Social Contract Approach, adopting an expanded onto-epistemic vision of Actor-Network Theory, from a critical and interdisciplinary perspective. The research design is qualitative and documentary, based on data from the scientific, political, and technical-legal fields, with a historical research strategy. The research developed through the analysis of seven cases of corruption in the context of the contemporary Brazilian public sector, from which the paradigm case was defined and mapped through the application of the Controversy Cartography Method. Data analysis was inductive,

considering categories created from Agency Theory, the Social Contract Approach, and Actor- Network Theory. The specific results for discussion identified the relevance of non-human

actors; a gap in the approach to other areas of knowledge; limited associations within the global framework regarding the constituent elements; an anthropocentric and limiting perspective in

the approach to understanding the social and its associations composed of human and non- human actors; a lack of evidence of the approach that agreed with the delivery of public

services, which contributed to the lack of observation of heterogeneity in Operation Car Wash - Petrobras; a lack of debate around strengthening institutions and public policies with impacts on identifying and addressing the root causes of corruption; a lack of a signed social contract that prevents agents from considering corruption as a collective action problem; and the formation of the social focused solely on anthropocentrism, highlighting that the established forms and elements have not been able to inhibit the recurrence of corruption. Regarding the implications of the thesis, from an epistemological perspective, it was possible to study and propose an analytical structure according to the ontology of Actor-Network Theory. Regarding the theoretical implications, the restricted interdisciplinary nature of Political Science and Accounting, through the use of the Social Contract Approach, enabled the application of the Controversy Cartography Method in the second phase of the research, highlighting the imposed graphic language that enabled the visualization of conditional categories, corroborating the socio-technical sense and explaining connections based on Actor-Network Theory in the Cosmos Table technique. In terms of practical implications, it can contribute to reflection and redirect policies toward constitutive/operational elements and combating corruption, bringing together social contexts and public policies through the delivery of public services. This constitutes, especially when considering corruption as a controversial collective action problem, including human and non-human actors in a digital environment, and with the striking difference of narratives, corroborating the sense of maintaining records and constructions throughout history from diverse perspectives. After the implications raised, it is possible to conclude that the research carried out supported the statement of proposal for this thesis.