Avaliação da atividade antioxidante e fotoproterora de espécies do gênero annona

Abstract

Solar radiation is a natural energy source that brings several benefits to humans, such as stimulating the production of vitamin D, which is essential for maintaining homeostasis. However, excessive exposure to the sun, especially ultraviolet radiation, causes damage to the skin, including photoaging, generation of free radicals, and cancer. Therefore, the use of sunscreens is recommended as a preventive form of skin protection. Therefore, medicinal plants, have stood out in preventing damage caused by UV radiation, since natural products with the presence of phenolic compounds have been adding high potential to the sunscreen industry due to their protective capacity, tolerability, and sustainability. Within this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and photoprotective activity of the species Annona haemathanta Miq., Annona vepretorum Mart., and Annona pickelii (Diels) H. Rainer. For this purpose, crude methanolic extracts of the species were used and colorimetric analyses were performed to quantify the content of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical decolorization methods. Regarding the evaluation of photoprotective activity, the Mansur method (1986) was performed. The results showed that A. pickelii presented a higher content of phenolic compounds than A. vepretorum and A. haematantha (250.735 mg EAG/g of extract versus 78.289 mg EAG/g of extract and 41.478 mg EAG/g of extract, respectively). In the antioxidant activity tests, A. pickelii (Diels) H. Rainer was more effective, with lower EC50 values for the DPPH (EC50 = 45.201 μg/mL) and ABTS (EC50 = 141.44 μg/mL) methods, compared to A. vepretorum Mart. (DPPH: EC50 = 529.265 μg/mL; ABTS: EC50 = 1018.308 μg/mL) and A. haemathanta Miq. (DPPH: EC50 = 559.133 μg/mL; ABTS: EC50 = 953.848 μg/mL). Finally, the photoprotective activity of A. pickelii (Diels) H. Rainer was also superior, with an SPF of 7.90, in contrast to A. vepretorum Mart. (SPF = 5.10) and A. haemathanta Miq. (SPF = 7.18), demonstrating potential for incorporation into photoprotective formulations.Therefore, this work also reinforces the bioactive potential of the studied species and contributes to the deepening of the biological and pharmacology knowledge about the Annonaceae family and the Annona genus.