Rastreamento de sinais e sintomas de transtornos de ansiedade e de depressão em estudantes universitários de cursos da saúde da Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Abstract

Mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent among university students, particularly in health-related fields, who face elevated levels of academic and emotional pressure. These disorders impact brain functioning, manifesting in abnormal perceptions, emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that may interfere with interpersonal relationships and academic performance. Studies indicate that up to 30% of the adult population suffers from some form of mental disorder, with the prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students exceeding the global average for the same age group. Given the academic pressure, excessive workload, health concerns, and financial limitations faced by many of these students, the evaluation, screening, and monitoring of their mental health become essential to promote well-being and prevent adverse outcomes. This study aimed to screen for symptoms of depression and anxiety among students of Biomedicine, Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Pharmacy, Speech Therapy, Physical Education, Medicine, Dentistry, Nutrition, and Physiotherapy at the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). The research consisted of a cross-sectional, analytical, quantitative epidemiological study, with descriptive analysis and correlation between sociodemographic variables and levels of depression and anxiety. Data collection was performed using the validated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaires. A total of 390 responses were obtained from students over 18 years old. Data collection took place between March and August 2024, and the study was approved by the UFPB Ethics Committee under opinion number CAAE 74986523.0.0000.8069. The results showed that 55.37% of students presented scores compatible with moderate to severe symptoms of depression, with the most reported symptom being feeling tired or having little energy, and 35% had scores compatible with moderate and severe levels of anxiety, with the most prevalent symptom being inability to relax. Descriptive analysis revealed a significant correlation between depression and anxiety levels and sociodemographic variables such as age and gender, indicating a higher prevalence among female students and those in the early and late stages of their courses. Additionally, 21.53% of students reported suicidal thoughts, highlighting the severity of mental health issues in this group. It is concluded that mental disorder screening among health science students is crucial, and the results indicate the need for institutional interventions to ensure adequate psychological support and monitoring, thereby improving the quality of life of university students.