Infertilidade na atenção básica : o conhecimento e manejo de enfermeiros das unidades de saúde da família

Abstract

Infertility is considered a disease of the reproductive system that can be present in the individual or even in the couple, defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. This affects a significant population of humanity worldwide and can be caused by multiple factors. It is estimated that 70% of infertility cases can be identified in Primary Health Care (PHC) due to its capillarity and ease of access, with the implementation of low-cost actions and procedures, by identifying intervention needs and carrying out comprehensive health care for the population. Given this context, the objective of this research is to evaluate the knowledge and practice of nurses in the care of couples with infertility problems in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the city of Maceió, in Alagoas (AL). This is a cross-sectional, qualitative study involving 20 FHS nurses from Maceió. Interviews were carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire with information regarding the sociodemographic profile, in addition to a script with questions related to knowledge and management in the care of couples with infertility in PHC. Bardin's Thematic Content Analysis was used for data analysis. The research followed all ethical precepts, having been appreciated and received approval by the Ethics Committee. The results were organized and systematized into three categories: limited knowledge about the care of infertile couples; restricted or absent practice of nurses in the care of infertility cases in PHC and nursing conception of family planning and care for infertile couples. It was observed that although all of the professionals interviewed claimed to carry out family planning actions, these were mostly concentrated in contraceptive actions and, when asked about assistance with conception, few professionals presented a practice of this type of care. Workers refer to limitations as a category or even lack of professional knowledge, ease of referral to specialist medical professionals, reinforcing the idea of a centered medical model, in addition to lack of direction and training, as reasons for the restricted practice of infertility care in the FHS. on the subject for workers by the management, and still limited knowledge about the subject even during the graduation period. The nurses point out as ways to implement care for the individual or couple with infertility, greater knowledge related to Health Policies, development of health education actions, as well as support and guidance from municipal management.