Tradição Kagyu do Budismo Tibetano Shangpa Kagyu e Karma Kagyu

Abstract

The following work aims to offer a historical and conceptual analysis of the development of Buddhism in Tibet, with emphasis on the Kagyu tradition. It begins with the tantric origins in India, a fundamental and essential for the consolidation of Vajrayana Buddhism, and follows its adaptation and roots in Tibetan culture. The study highlights the relevance of the Mahasiddhas, yogui masters who brought tantric practices that gained momentum between the 8th and 12th centuries CE, they realized the diterct experience of the mind (Buddha state) and shaped Indian and Tibetan spirituality. Among these masters, figures such as Tilopa, Narops, Marpa, Milarepa, and Gampopa are viewed as pillars of the Kagyu Lineage, whose practices, such as the “Six Yogas of Naropa” and “Mahamudra” remain central to this tradition. The research also examines the transmission of the Shangpa Kagyu and Karma Kagyu lineages, important school within the tradition. Beyond the historical and spiritual trajectory os the Kagyu school, the social-cultural role of Tibetan Buddhism is analyzed, showing how it became an essential element of Tibetan Buddhism is analyzed, showing how it became na essential element of Tibetan identity and how it expanded to the West, especially in Brazil. In this way, the research seeks to demostrate how tantric foundations, the figures of the Mahasiddhas, and the transference of lineages contributed to the expansion and pemanence of the Kagyu tradition in Asia in the global context.