A atuação paradiplomática dos entes subnacionais do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos na pandemia : um estudo de casos comparados

Abstract

The emergence of far-right populist leaders has become a globally notable phenomenon. In the United States and Brazil, this scenario was evidenced by the election of Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro. Agendas such as conservatism, anti-multilateralism, anti-globalization, and denialism characterized these administrations, negatively influencing the management of the health crisis during the Covid-19 pandemic. These dynamics affected the paradiplomacy of both countries, leading subnational governments to mobilize internationally to mitigate the impacts of national actions, which granted greater visibility to these actors in the international arena during that period. Thus, this dissertation investigates, through a comparative case analysis – namely, the paradiplomatic actions of subnational governments in Brazil and the United States during the Coronavirus pandemic – and sustains the hypothesis that the measures taken, driven by the political ideology of these presidents, as well as the policies adopted throughout the health crisis, directly influenced the international engagement of subnational governments at the time – either by intensifying it or by keeping them neutral. Therefore, this study is characterized as a comparative case analysis, grounded in the literature on paradiplomacy, far-right governments, and the pandemic.