Agriculturas convencional e agroecológica em propriedades rurais dos Assentamentos Dona Antônia e Gurugi II, no Conde/PB: percepção, impactos e contrastes

Abstract

The development of humanity in recent times has changed the environment that everyone are included, so this paper uses the environmental perception as an important means to understand the interactions and interrelationships between human beings and nature. This study of environmental perception is critical to better understand the relationship between humans and the environment and, in the case of this research, the intense contact between farmer and nature. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the sociodemographic and environmental perceptions of farmers in Dona Antonia Settlements and Gurugi II, Conde - PB, merging information from the subjects of the two locations. Used the Case Study method and to determine the sociodemographic and environmental perception was used mixed questionnaire, field diary, photographic records containing simple observation. For data analysis, there were systematic and qualitative and quantitative approaches. As to the results, 57% of household heads are male, with 41 to 60 years old; family consists of father, mother and son or daughter; has an average income of 2 minimum wages; live basically of agriculture; with predominance of ecological farming practices in his speech and live in settlements with serious environmental problems that influence both in rural villages and rural properties. There is a clear need to understand that farmers involved in this study have attitudes to the environment according to the situations that they are convenient for you to survive in their rural areas. Therefore, the practice does not always correspond to the speech of these farmers, since they are the basic needs and interests that will guide the way that will go to providing better living conditions for themselves and their family.

RESUMO O presente trabalho aborda sobre os estilos de agricultura encontrados nas propriedades rurais pesquisadas nos Assentamentos Dona Antônia e Gurugi II, no Conde – PB. No caso desse estudo, o que interessou particularmente foi identificar os tipos de agricultura de acordo com as práticas agrícolas dos agricultores familiares pesquisados, levando-se em conta alguns aspectos sociais e ambientais que são relevantes para o emprego dos sistemas de produção. Na metodologia foram empregadas as respostas das práticas agrícolas presentes no questionário misto. Realizaram-se observações diretas por meio das visitas de campo e foi utilizado o diário de campo. Foram identificados dois tipos de agriculturas: convencional e agroecológica. As propriedades “N”, “P” e “Z” possuem maior predominância de práticas agrícolas convencionais; as “C”, “L”, “D” e “B” foram agrupadas nas propriedades rurais ditas como agroecológicas, por empregarem práticas ecológicas ao longo dos anos. Os agricultores familiares possuem o poder de escolher e de analisar qual é o tipo de sistema de produção que traz maiores benefícios (sociais, econômicos e ambientais) para si e sua família. Além do mais, na teoria sabem distinguir a agricultura agroecológica da convencional. Portanto, considera-se que as identificações e caracterizações dos sujeitos em grupos fortalecem a idéia de que há diversificação de estilos de agricultura dentro de determinadas comunidades rurais.

ABSTRACT This paper reports about the agriculture of styles found on farms searched in Settlements Dona Antonia and Gurugi II, Conde - PB. In the case of this study, which is of particular interest is to identify the types of agriculture according to the agricultural practices of farmers surveyed, taking into account some social and environmental aspects that are relevant to the use of production systems. In the methodology we used the responses of agricultural practices present in the mixed questionnaire. Direct observations were carried out through field visits and used a field diary and camera. Conventional and agroecological: Two types of agriculture were identified. The properties "N", "P" and "Z" have more prevalence of conventional agricultural practices; the "C", "L", "D" and "B" were grouped in rural properties as agroecological said, by employing green practices over the years. The family farmers have the power to choose and analyze what kind of production system that brings greater benefits (social, economic and environmental) for himself and his family. Moreover, the theory can distinguish agroecological agriculture conventional. Therefore, it is considered that the identification and characterization of the subjects in groups empower the idea that there is a diversification of farming styles within certain rural communities.

RESUMO No mercado de produtos agrícolas existem vários canais de comercialização, onde a venda pode ser basicamente de três tipos: direta, indireta e mista. No caso desse trabalho, usou o termo circuito curto para referir-se aquele tipo de comercialização em que há apenas um atravessador entre o agricultor familiar e o consumidor. Baseou-se nesse conceito para identificar, descrever e propor sugestões de alternativas de circuitos curtos para os produtos agroecológicos, orgânicos e convencionais comercializados pelos agricultores familiares dos Assentamentos Dona Antônia e Gurugi II, no Conde – PB. A pesquisa caracterizou-se por ser qualitativa e foi empregada na metodologia a entrevista semi-estruturada, conversa informal e usou-se o diário de campo. Os resultados obtidos foram que os circuitos curtos dos agricultores familiares pesquisados são muito limitados. Apresentaram vendas diretas apenas através das feiras convencionais e agroecológicas e da comercialização na própria propriedade rural (esta última não ocorreu em todas as áreas); já em relação às vendas indiretas, há sempre a presença do intermediário/atravessador comprando os produtos agrícolas diretamente na propriedade. Por isso este trabalho apontou novas alternativas de circuitos curtos para que o agricultor familiar melhore sua renda através da agricultura e de atividades vinculadas a sua propriedade rural.

ABSTRACT In the market for agricultural products there are several marketing channels, where the sale can be basically of three types: direct, indirect and mixed. In the case of this study, used the term short circuit to refer to that type of marketing where there is just a middleman between the family farmer and the consumer. It was based on this concept to identify, describe and propose suggestions of alternative short circuits to the agro-ecological, organic and conventional marketed by farmers of Settlements Dona Antonia and Gurugi II, Count - PB.

The research is characterized by being qualitative and methodology was used in the semi- structured interviews, informal conversation and used the field book. The results were that

short circuits of the surveyed farmers are very limited. Presented direct sales only through conventional and agroecological fairs and marketing in their own rural property (the latter did not occur in all areas); already in relation to indirect sales, there is always the presence of the intermediate / middleman buying agricultural products directly on the property. So this work shows new alternatives of short circuits to the family farmer improve their income through agriculture and activities linked to his estate.