Regularização fundiária urbana no Brasil: uma análise sobre a experiência de Vila do Amanhecer, Município de Conde, Paraíba

Abstract

This study addresses the complex issue of urban land regularization in Brazil, and in particular, portrays an experience in the municipality of Conde, Paraíba. The main research question was: how was the implementation of the "Chão de Direito" Program carried out within the scope of urban land regularization in the Vila do Amanhecer community in the municipality of Conde/PB, in relation to its social impacts from the effective legalization of housing? To address this question, the general objective of the study is to analyze the social impact of urban land regularization in Vila do Amanhecer through the "Chão de Direito" Program. The Vila do Amanhecer community was created in 2005, located in the municipality of Conde, Paraíba, with the Vila do Amanhecer Residents' Association as its main political actor. The Association played a fundamental role in ensuring that Vila do Amanhecer was one of the communities benefited by the "Chão de Direito" Program, which aims, among its actions, to regularize the housing of the population that was in an irregular land tenure situation. This research is primarily an exploratory and descriptive study, employing a qualitative approach based on documentary and bibliographic research. The analysis is enriched by the author's own experience as a beneficiary of the program, providing a practical and experiential perspective to the theoretical and field data. The impacts were analyzed in three areas: Legal Security and Dignity (land titling and elimination of eviction risk), Urban and Infrastructure Improvements (lighting, street opening), and Community Strengthening and Citizenship (engagement and support for projects such as the CAU/PB ATHIS Notice). The results demonstrated that the Chão de Direito Program developed a relevant public action in Vila do Amanhecer regarding Land Regularization, enforcing the national law (No. 13.465/2017), while the Residents' Association was essential to this process.